INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN IN SELECT SCHOOLS IN GBAWE, GA SOUTH MUNICIPALITY

Abstract

Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are primarily caused by helminths and protozoa, with underdeveloped nations experiencing higher prevalence due to factors like poverty, poor hygiene, contaminated water, sanitation issues, overcrowding, and limited education. These infections can result in vitamin and mineral deficiencies, weakened immunity, stunted growth, and cognitive impairment, especially in children. Notably, IPIs can be asymptomatic for extended periods, and the appearance of symptoms depends on the host's age and the infection's intensity. The prevalence of IPIs is a significant health concern in underdeveloped nations, with rates as high as 54.5% to 81% among children of school-going ages. Objective The study aimed to investigate intestinal parasitic infections among school children in selected schools in Gbawe, Ga South Municipality. Methods This study was conducted in Gbawe, Ghana, to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among school children aged 5-10 years. A cross-sectional design was used, and a sample size of 197 participants was selected. Stool samples were collected and analyzed using the wet mount and formalin-ethyl sedimentation procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using Chisquared and odds ratios to assess the association between exposure variables and infection Results The study found that 9.64% of the children had intestinal parasitic infections. The prevalence was higher in older children (7-10 years) compared to younger ones (5-6 years). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common parasite (3.55%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (2.54%). Females had a slightly higher prevalence (12.50%) than males (7.34%). Statistically significant risk factors for infection included consuming unwashed fruits and vegetables, living near a refuse dump, and frequent playing in the soil. Conclusion The authors recommend comprehensive public health programs to reduce the prevalence of IPIs, including improved sanitation, hygiene education, and regular deworming.