Abstract:
Background
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are primarily caused by helminths and protozoa, with
underdeveloped nations experiencing higher prevalence due to factors like poverty, poor hygiene,
contaminated water, sanitation issues, overcrowding, and limited education. These infections can
result in vitamin and mineral deficiencies, weakened immunity, stunted growth, and cognitive
impairment, especially in children. Notably, IPIs can be asymptomatic for extended periods, and
the appearance of symptoms depends on the host's age and the infection's intensity. The prevalence
of IPIs is a significant health concern in underdeveloped nations, with rates as high as 54.5% to
81% among children of school-going ages.
Objective
The study aimed to investigate intestinal parasitic infections among school children in selected
schools in Gbawe, Ga South Municipality.
Methods
This study was conducted in Gbawe, Ghana, to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic
infections among school children aged 5-10 years. A cross-sectional design was used, and a sample
size of 197 participants was selected. Stool samples were collected and analyzed using the wet
mount and formalin-ethyl sedimentation procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using Chisquared and odds ratios to assess the association between exposure variables and infection
Results
The study found that 9.64% of the children had intestinal parasitic infections. The prevalence was
higher in older children (7-10 years) compared to younger ones (5-6 years). Ascaris lumbricoides
was the most common parasite (3.55%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (2.54%). Females had
a slightly higher prevalence (12.50%) than males (7.34%). Statistically significant risk factors for
infection included consuming unwashed fruits and vegetables, living near a refuse dump, and
frequent playing in the soil.
Conclusion
The authors recommend comprehensive public health programs to reduce the prevalence of IPIs,
including improved sanitation, hygiene education, and regular deworming.
